J Neural Transm (Vienna) 129:10771089 Kuratsune H, Watanabe Y, Yamaguti K, Jacobsson G, Takahashi M, Machii T, Onoe H, Onoe K, Matsumura K, Valind S, Kitani T, Langstrom B (1997) High uptake of [2-11c]acetyl-l-carnitine into the brain: a pet study
DPP-IV is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
The pineal peptides it is modelled on are involved in circadian and neuroendocrine regulation
Proper sterilization is key to preventing infections
Liver function monitoring is important during therapy
Although the FDA has not approved topiramate as a standalone weight loss medication, healthcare providers widely prescribe it off-label for weight management